“European Union countries already have compensatory mechanisms within national policies to ensure that time spent caring for children and older dependents, the majority of which is carried out by women, is compensated.” Sarah Harper, Director, Oxford Institute of Ageing, University of Oxford

“Late Life Work, Retirement, and Social Security for European Women” by Sarah Harper analyzes how European boomer women deal with many retirement and employment challenges not faced by their Baby Boomer Women: Secure Futures or Not? counterparts in the United States. She examines how European women tend to live and work longer than men. Due to these bio-demographic and socioeconomic facts and the inequalities in the European Union pension systems, European women experience higher rates of poverty than men. The author identifies how the EU governments are addressing these inequalities by creative policies such as compensating women in the retirement systems for the time they spend caring for children and older dependents.